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B1 Grammar · Lesson 21

Modals of deduction

Use must, might, may and cannot to express how certain you are about a present situation.

16 min read & practice· Modal verbs· B1 Level
Useful for:describe experiences and situationsexpress relationships between events and ideas
Curated for Cambridge C1 Advanced exam preparation.

Learning goal: Modals of deduction

Distinguish strong certainty, possibility and logical impossibility.

In a nutshell

Use must, might, may and cannot to express how certain you are about a present situation.

When do we use it?

Distinguish strong certainty, possibility and logical impossibility.

Pattern

Form

Use must for a strong positive deduction, might/may/could for possibility and can’t for a strong negative deduction.

  • She must be tired.
  • He might be at home.
  • That can’t be true.

Examples

Key contrast

Read the whole context and identify the time, meaning, noun type or sentence structure before choosing.

Watch out

Common mistakes

  • She must to be tired.She must be tired.
  • It can be impossible.It can’t be true.

Key takeaway

Remember

Use must, might, may and cannot to express how certain you are about a present situation.

Self-check

Quick check

  • Find the grammar clue.
  • Check the subject and verb form.
  • Confirm that the answer fits both structure and meaning.

Put it into practice

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A short interactive practice session with instant feedback — about 10 questions calibrated to C1 Advanced.

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