Linkers of contrast, concession and result
Connect ideas with although, despite, however, therefore and so that while controlling clause and noun-phrase patterns.
Learning goal: Linkers of contrast, concession and result
Select linkers according to meaning, grammar and punctuation.
In a nutshell
Connect ideas with although, despite, however, therefore and so that while controlling clause and noun-phrase patterns.
When do we use it?
Select linkers according to meaning, grammar and punctuation.
Pattern
Form
Use although + clause, despite + noun/-ing, and sentence adverbs such as however and therefore with punctuation.
- Although it rained, we left.
- Despite the rain, we left.
- It rained; however, we left.
Examples
Key contrast
At B2, choose the form from the complete context: sequence, viewpoint, degree of certainty and clause structure all matter.
Watch out
Common mistakes
Despite it was raining.→ Although it was raining.Although the rain.→ Despite the rain.
Key takeaway
Remember
Connect ideas with although, despite, however, therefore and so that while controlling clause and noun-phrase patterns.
Self-check
Quick check
- Identify the time relationship or intended meaning.
- Check the auxiliary, participle and clause pattern.
- Eliminate answers that fit the words but not the context.
Put it into practice
Ready to test Linkers of contrast, concession and result?
A short interactive practice session with instant feedback — about 10 questions calibrated to B2 First.
Start practice