Non-defining relative clauses
Add non-essential information with comma-separated relative clauses using who, which, whose or where.
Learning goal: Non-defining relative clauses
Recognize non-defining punctuation and avoid that in this type of clause.
In a nutshell
Add non-essential information with comma-separated relative clauses using who, which, whose or where.
When do we use it?
Recognize non-defining punctuation and avoid that in this type of clause.
Pattern
Form
Use commas around non-essential information; do not normally use that in non-defining clauses.
- My brother, who lives abroad, is visiting.
- The laptop, which I bought last year, has broken.
Examples
Key contrast
At B2, choose the form from the complete context: sequence, viewpoint, degree of certainty and clause structure all matter.
Watch out
Common mistakes
My brother, that lives abroad, is visiting.→ My brother, who lives abroad, is visiting.Paris which is in France is beautiful.→ Paris, which is in France, is beautiful.
Key takeaway
Remember
Add non-essential information with comma-separated relative clauses using who, which, whose or where.
Self-check
Quick check
- Identify the time relationship or intended meaning.
- Check the auxiliary, participle and clause pattern.
- Eliminate answers that fit the words but not the context.
Put it into practice
Ready to test Non-defining relative clauses?
A short interactive practice session with instant feedback — about 10 questions calibrated to B2 First.
Start practice